• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A prefabricated building structure element is disclosed which comprises a core layer covered on both sides by a thinner layer of a cement-based material, the core layer comprising an insulating foam material and a plurality of parallel directed rib structures which transmit shear forces in the element and which are manufactured. in a rigid, low thermal conductivity sheet material, spaced at regular intervals along a length of the element and rigidly attached to the concrete layers, the total thickness of the element being less than 60 cm and the overall thermal conductivity coefficient of the element less than 0.20 W / (m ° C). Furthermore, a road resistant and self-supporting climate screen is described, which consists of a plurality of prefabricated building structural elements glued together, in which connection also the specific joints for assembling the climate screen are described.
    公开号:DK201300048U1
    申请号:DK201300048U
    申请日:2013-03-22
    公开日:2013-04-12
    发明作者:Troelsen Knud Boel
    申请人:Boel As 3；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    in DK 2013 00048 U1
    BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS AND CLIMATE SCREEN
    The field of production
    The present invention relates to a prefabricated building construction element. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a climate screen consisting of a plurality of prefabricated building structural elements.
    The background of the creation
    Major efforts have been made over several years to design and construct buildings with reduced energy supply requirements for heating and / or cooling. This has increased the focus on the general insulating properties of climate screens as well as the overall energy consumption of buildings, from raw materials to construction, maintenance and ultimately recycling.
    Further measures to supply buildings with energy production funds, such as solar cell geothermal heating and solar heating systems, have made it possible to produce zero-energy buildings (or more correctly: net-energy buildings) that produce the same amount of energy they consume over a year. There are even plus energy buildings that produce more energy than they consume. A common feature of these ultra-low energy houses is that a lot of focus is on reducing heat transfer through the climate screen, which is why the exterior walls (as well as the roof section and terrain deck of such houses) are typically very thick compared to the walls of more traditional buildings. This not only results in increased space consumption for the walls, but also a significantly reduced inflow of light and increased material consumption, which can have a negative impact on the appearance of such buildings as well as on production costs. Until now, these low-energy buildings have been significantly more expensive to produce, preventing the general use of these solutions in the general population.
    In traditional concrete elements, the outer walls typically comprise a sandwich construction of one or more thermally insulating layers and one or more load-bearing layers of considerable thickness (100-150 mm), leaving only limited space for insulation. In order to obtain walls of sufficient mechanical strength and stability, the insulating layers are typically pierced by some type of steel profile connecting the load-bearing layers to each other, thereby creating undesirable cold bridges through the insulating layers of the walls.
    Such sandwich designs are described, for example, in International Patent Application WO 97/46774 and in Japanese Patent Application JP 1190445 A. Common to these and other similarly known wall designs is that the sandwich construction is produced at the construction site by covering an initially erected structure consisting of an insulating material and steel reinforcements. with concrete on both sides. This work is cumbersome and time-consuming and requires the necessary machinery as well as large quantities of concrete to be transported to the construction site.
    Brief description of the production
    The present invention relates to a prefabricated building structural element comprising a core layer covered on both sides by a thinner layer of a cement-based material, wherein the core layer comprises an insulating foam material and a plurality of parallel directed structures of a low thermal conductivity rigid material which are spaced apart at regular intervals along the length of the element, each of the structures being rigidly attached to both concrete layers by embedding therein, the total thickness of the element being less than 60 cm, preferably less than 45 cm and especially less than 35 cm, and wherein the total element heat conduction coefficient is less than 0.20 W / (m ° C), preferably less than 0.17 W / (m 2 ° C) and more preferably less than 0.14 W / (m 2 ° C).
    3 DK 2013 00048 U1
    Structural elements according to such specifications are advantageous in several ways. The use of prefabricated elements enables cost-effective and time-saving building construction, and the structure of the elements makes it possible to produce elements with extremely good thermal insulation properties, without being thicker than the outer walls of houses that are built according to more traditional methods and which do not have the same insulation properties.
    In one embodiment of the production, the parallel directed structures consist of rib structures which transmit shear forces in elements of a rigid sheet material with low thermal conductivity.
    This has proven to be an advantageous solution in relation to the strength and heat properties of the structural elements.
    In one embodiment of the manufacture, the cement-based material is high strength concrete.
    High strength concrete can be used in a thin layer and still provide sufficient strength. High-strength concrete also has a high set target value, which ensures good workability and a smooth surface.
    In a further embodiment of the production, the high-strength concrete is self-leveling.
    The use of self-leveling concrete facilitates the manufacturing process for several types of structural elements according to the invention.
    In one embodiment of the production, the foam material is expanded polystyrene.
    4 DK 2013 00048 U1
    The use of expanded polystyrene as the primary insulating material is advantageous because of the thermal as well as the mechanical properties of the material.
    In one embodiment of the production, the rigid material of low thermal conductivity is fiberglass reinforced perlite.
    Fiberglass reinforced perlite is suitable for this purpose as it comprises a combination of high stiffness and a low heat conduction coefficient compared to other load transfer materials such as steel. Traditional steel structures used for reinforcing building structural elements have very poor thermal insulation properties, creating undesirable cold bridges across the elements.
    In one embodiment of the construction, the building structural member is reinforced with one or more layers of woven glass fiber between the foam layer and one or both concrete layers.
    The use of woven fiberglass layers advantageously increases the tensile strength of the element.
    In one embodiment of the construction, the building structural element further comprises a layer of thermally insulating, heat-resistant material between the foam layer and one or both concrete layers. This layer can be added for fire protection.
    In a further embodiment of the production, the heat-resistant material is a fiberglass reinforced perlite plate.
    The use of perlite as heat-resistant material is advantageous, since the heat resistance of the building structure element can be substantially improved without the overall thickness of the element being greatly increased.
    In one embodiment of the production, the thickness of each concrete layer is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 3 cm and especially less than 1.5 cm.
    Use of thin concrete layers allows for a thicker core layer of insulating material without increasing the overall thickness of the element.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the building structure element is designed to form, alone or together with similar elements, a self-supporting terrain deck in a building. Herein, the compressive forces are obtained via the thin concrete layers, while the tensile and shear forces are obtained via the fiberglass mesh and the fiberglass reinforced perlite plate, respectively. In one embodiment of the production, a 324 mm thick sandwich element can span at least 4.4 m carrying load according to the Danish building regulations.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the building structural element is designed to form, alone or together with corresponding elements, a supporting outer or inner wall of a building. The outer or inner wall must be able to at least carry loads as stipulated in the Danish building regulations.
    In a further embodiment of the invention, the building structural element is formed with one or more openings for mounting one or more doors or windows.
    In one embodiment of the construction, the building structural element is designed to form, alone or together with similar elements, a self-supporting roof part of a building. The roof section must be capable of carrying at least loads as stipulated in the Danish building regulations.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the building structural element is designed to form, alone or together with similar elements, a supporting or non-supporting inner wall of a building. Such inner walls must be capable of carrying at least 6 loads as stipulated in the Danish Building Regulations. These inner walls are thinner (less than 120 mm, preferably less than 100 mm and especially less than 80 mm) than is the case for the climate screen as described above, since the need for insulation here concerns only sound.
    Applying similar design elements to the different parts of the climate screen is advantageous as it increases production efficiency.
    In one aspect of the production, it relates to a weather-resistant and self-supporting climate screen consisting of a plurality of prefabricated building structural elements glued together. In this way, the loads are effectively transferred between the elements of the climate shield, while maintaining the flexibility during assembly and transport.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the elements are glued together by means of glue comprising non-expanded polyurethane.
    The use of non-expanded polyurethane has been found to be advantageous for the bonding of building structural elements as the properties of this material include both high strength and great flexibility.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the bonded building structural members are provided with opposing notches which together, between the structural members, form one or more cavities, each containing one or more common positioning rails to hold the elements properly in relation to each other.
    Allowing cavities formed by opposing notches in adjacent building structural members to accommodate positioning rails is a simple and effective way to ensure that the position of the elements relative to each other is maintained during gluing. In addition, if the material from which the positioning rails are made has good thermal insulation properties, the positioning rails may be used to break the cold bridges that might otherwise occur in the joints between the elements. In addition, the rails ensure that the structure's carrying capacity is maintained in the event of fire where glue and insulation can melt.
    In one embodiment of the production, the climate shield is assembled at a factory and is thus suitable for transport to a one-piece construction site.
    In one embodiment of the generation, a plurality of sections of the climate shield, each comprising a terrain deck, outer walls, inner walls and a roof, are assembled at a factory so that they are suitable for transport to a construction site and assembled there.
    Assembling a complete climate monitor or a plurality of sections thereof at a factory enables time-saving and cost-effective production of the climate monitor.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the climate screen comprises one or more prefabricated building construction elements as previously described.
    Figurines
    Below, a few embodiments of the invention are described and explained in more detail with reference to the figures, in which fig. 1a is a schematic representation of a section of a climate screen according to one embodiment of the invention; FIG. Ib is an exploded sketch of the same section of a climate screen, rich. 2a is a cross-sectional view of part of a building construction element according to one embodiment of the invention, FIG. 2b is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a building construction element according to another embodiment of the invention; FIG. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of two building structural elements according to one embodiment of the invention; 4a is a smaller view of FIG. 2, and FIG. 4b is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing in more detail a structural feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a.
    Detailed description
    The present invention involves the development of a prefabricated (factory-made) structural element and building system that reduces the amount of raw materials and fittings compared to traditional structural and prefabrication methods as well as the overall thickness of the structural elements. By using high-strength concrete and a high degree of prefabrication of the entire climate screen, the present generation allows for increased efficiency and lower costs, as well as new architectural possibilities in the future zero-energy buildings.
    The present invention uses high-strength concrete to form a sandwich construction element suitable for factory manufacture of walls, interior walls, decks and roofs, enabling the insulation properties and density of the entire climate screen to be improved, while significantly simplifying the construction process. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a climate shield which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the existing traditional prefabrication techniques known in the art.
    9 DK 2013 00048 U1
    FIG. 1a schematically illustrates a section 1 of a climate shield according to one embodiment of the invention, which comprises a terrain tire 2, a first gable wall 3, a facade wall 4, a second gable wall 5, an inner wall 20, a first roof part 6 and a second roof part 7. The second gable wall 5 is shown containing a doorway 8 and a window opening 9.
    FIG. 1b is an exploded view of the same section 1 of a climate screen where it is stated that each of the walls 3, 4, 5, 20 and the roof sections 6, 7 consists of a single prefabricated building structure element. Basically, the same type of building construction elements 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20 can be used for all parts of the climate screen, the difference between the individual elements 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 20 primarily relating to the size and shape of the elements 3, 4 , 5, 6, 7, 20.
    The section 1 of a climate shield according to FIG. la is assembled at the factory before being transported to the construction site. One side of the one shown in FIG. 1 and 1b are left open, indicating that this section 1 is to be assembled on the construction site with one or more other sections to form a complete climate shield. In other embodiments of the present invention, a complete climate shield can be assembled at the factory before being transported to a construction site and appropriately placed on a linear foundation.
    In future embodiments of the generation, a linear foundation may be mounted under a complete climate shield or section 1 of a factory climate shield prior to transport to the construction site, further reducing the workload on the construction site.
    FIG. 2a is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a building construction element 10 according to an embodiment of the invention,
    The core 11 of the sandwich structure consists of a layer of expanded polystyrene, the thickness of which is typically approx. 300 mm in order to obtain sufficient insulation properties for the building structural element 10. The layer 11 can be both thinner and thicker, depending on the desired insulation properties and the overall dimensions of the element 10. This material is advantageous as it has a very low thermal conductivity, ie. that it is a very good thermal insulator and, at the same time, the material is impervious to moisture and thus acts as a vapor barrier between the exterior and interior of the climate shield into which the building structural element 10 is incorporated.
    The primary structural members of the building construction element 10 are the concrete layers 12 on both sides of the element 10 and, as can be seen in FIG. 2a and 2b, furthermore the ends of element 10. Provided that the building structure element 10 is provided with suitable reinforcing arrangements (fiberglass mesh 14 and fiberglass reinforced perlite plate 13) (see below), and that high-strength concrete is used, the concrete layers 12 can be made at least as thin as 12 mm and still provide the building structural element 10 and stability to be self-supporting and used, e.g. a bearing wall 3, 4, 5, 20.
    The reinforced structure 13 of the illustrated building structural element 10 consists of a plurality of parallel directed structures 13 in a rigid low thermal conductivity sheet material spaced regularly along the length of the element 10 and rigidly attached to the concrete layers 12. The parallel directed structures 13 may consist of 3 mm thick perlite plates 13, which is an amorphous volcanic glass with relatively high strength and low thermal conductivity, which means that undesirable cold bridges across the element 10 can be avoided. The plates 13 will typically be placed vertically with regular spacing of 600 mm along the element 10.
    The attachment of the bead plates 13 to the concrete layers 12 is described below.
    In order to obtain the tensile forces in the concrete layers 12 in the building structure element 10, a woven glass fiber layer 14 is placed on each side of the core layer 11.
    11 DK 2013 00048 U1
    FIG. 2b illustrates how a layer of a heat resistant material 15 can be placed for safety reasons between the core layer 11 and the concrete layers 12 along the surfaces of the building structural element 10 so that the insulating material 11 does not melt in the event of fire. This layer 15 may also consist of perlite.
    Since the thickness of the fiberglass layers 14 and the heat-resistant layers 15 is relatively small, the total thickness of the building structural elements 10 corresponds roughly to the sum of the thickness of the core layer 11 (typically 300 mm) and the two concrete layers 12 (typically 2x12 mm), ie. between 300 mm and 350 mm. However, the elements 10 can both be thinner, such as down to approx. 50 mm for inner walls, and thicker, depending on the elements 10's desired heat insulation ability.
    FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing how two building structural elements 10 can be bonded together. Each of the two elements 10 is provided with a notch 17 in the form of an area on the surface facing the second element 10, where there is no concrete layer 12. The two notches 17 are positioned opposite each other so that they together, a cavity forms the entire length of the joint when the two elements 10 are placed against each other.
    A positioning rail 18 is located in the cavity formed by the two notches 17 to ensure that the two elements 10's position relative to each other is maintained during assembly and bonding. In order to avoid cold bridges in the joints between two building structural elements 10 and to avoid holes in the heat-resistant layer 15 surrounding the core layer 11, the positioning rail 18 may be made of perlite like the reinforcing structure 13 and the heat-resistant layer 15.
    Glue 16 is placed on at least one of the two surfaces before the two elements 10 are pressed together. By gluing a number of building structural elements 10 together, a climate shield or section 1 of a climate shield can be constructed which is weather resistant, self-supporting and thermally insulated.
    DK 2013 00048 U1 12
    FIG. 4a is a smaller view of FIG. 2, which is included for illustrative purposes only.
    FIG. 4b is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating in more detail a structural feature of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4a, namely how the edges of the perlite plates 13 forming the reinforcing structure of the building structure element 10 can be fixed to the concrete layers 12. The edges of the perlite plate 13 are cast into a wedge profile 19 which protrudes from the otherwise flat concrete layers 12 and into the core layer 11 sides of the pearl plate 13 and runs all the way around the element 10 along the edges of the pearl plate 13.
    As shown in FIG. 2, 3 and 4a, the edges between the concrete layers 12 on two adjacent surfaces of the building structure element 10 may be similarly reinforced.
    15 13 13DK 2013 00048 U1
    List of reference numbers 1. Climate screen section 2. Terrain deck 3. First gable wall 4. Facade wall 5. Second gable wall 6. First roof part 7. Second roof part 8. Doorway 9. Window opening 10. Building structure element 11. Core layer in sandwich construction 12. Concrete layer in sandwich construction 13 Reinforcement structure in sandwich construction 14. Woven fiberglass mesh in sandwich construction 15. Heat-resistant layer in sandwich construction 16. Glues for assembly of building structural elements 17. Notches for positioning rail in building structural elements 18. Positioning rail for assembly of building structural elements 20. Wedge profile reinforcing structure 19.
    权利要求:
    Claims (18)
    [1]
    A prefabricated building structure element comprising a core layer covered on both sides by a thinner layer of a cement-based material, the core layer comprising an insulating foam material and a plurality of parallel directed structures of a low thermal conductivity rigid material disposed with regular spacing along the length of the element, each of the structures being rigidly attached to both concrete layers by embedding therein, wherein the total thickness of the element is less than 60 cm, preferably less than 45 cm and especially less than 35 cm, and where the overall heat conduction coefficient of the element is less than 0.20 W / (m2 ° C), preferably less than 0.17 W / (m2 ° C) and especially less than 0.14 W / (m2 ° C).
    [2]
    The building structural element of claim 1, wherein the cement-based material is high-strength concrete.
    [3]
    A building construction element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the foam material is expanded polystyrene.
    [4]
    The building construction element according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the low thermal conductivity rigid material is glass fiber reinforced perlite.
    [5]
    The building structural element according to any one of claims 1-4, further reinforced with one or more layers of woven glass fiber between the foam layer and one or both concrete layers. 15 DK 2013 00048 U1
    [6]
    The building structural element according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a layer of thermally insulating, heat-resistant material between the foam layer and one or both concrete layers.
    [7]
    The building structural element of claim 6, wherein the heat-resistant material is a fiberglass reinforced perlite plate.
    [8]
    The building structural element according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the thickness of each concrete layer is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 3 cm and especially less than 1.5 cm.
    [9]
    A building construction element according to any one of the preceding claims, which is designed to form, alone or together with similar elements, a self-supporting terrain deck in a building.
    [10]
    A building structural element according to any one of claims 1-8, which is designed to form, alone or together with similar elements, a supporting outer or inner wall of a building.
    [11]
    The building construction element according to claim 10, which is formed with one or more openings for mounting one or more doors or windows or windows.
    [12]
    A building construction element according to any one of claims 1-8, which is designed to form, alone or together with similar elements, a self-supporting roof part of a building.
    [13]
    13. Weatherproof and self-supporting climate screen consisting of a plurality of prefabricated building structural elements glued together.
    [14]
    The climate screen of claim 13, wherein the elements are glued together by means of glue comprising non-expanded polyurethane. 16 DK 2013 00048 U1
    14 DK 2013 00048 U1
    [15]
    Climate screen according to claim 13 or 14, wherein the bonded building structural elements are provided with opposing notches which together, between the structural elements, form one or more cavities, each containing one or more ordinary positioning rails to hold the elements correctly in relation to each other.
    [16]
    A climate shield according to any one of claims 13-15, which is assembled in a factory and is thus suitable for transport to a one-piece construction site.
    [17]
    A climate shield according to any one of claims 13-15, wherein a plurality of sections, each comprising a terrain deck, outer walls, inner walls and a roof, are assembled at a factory so that they are suitable for transport to a construction site and assembled there.
    [18]
    A climate shield according to any one of claims 13-17, comprising one or more prefabricated building structural elements according to any one of claims 1-12. DK 2013 00048 U1

    DK 2013 00048 U1


    12

    FIG. 2a DK 2013 00048 U1 3/5

    FIG. 2b DK 2013 00048 U1 4/5

    Fig.3 DK 2013 00048 U1 5/5
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK201300048U3|2013-04-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2014-04-25| UBP| Utility model lapsed|Effective date: 20130921 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP10757706A|EP2480731A2|2009-09-24|2010-09-21|Building construction elements, building envelope and method for constructing a building envelope|
    DKBA201300048U|DK201300048U3|2010-09-21|2013-03-22|Building construction elements and climate screen|DKBA201300048U| DK201300048U3|2010-09-21|2013-03-22|Building construction elements and climate screen|
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